关于寨卡病毒的常见问题
如果你正在期待一个孩子或计划很快怀孕, 寨卡病毒可能就在你的脑海里. 以下是对寨卡病毒的一些常见担忧的回答, 根据我们目前对这种疾病的了解. 当我们了解到更多信息时,我们会更新这个页面,所以请回来看看.
什么是寨卡病毒?
寨卡病毒与黄热病属于同一科, 登革热, 西尼罗河病毒和日本脑炎病毒. 寨卡病毒似乎主要攻击神经系统的细胞.
寨卡病毒是如何传播的?
寨卡病毒最常见的感染途径是蚊虫叮咬 伊蚊 蚊子. 它也可以通过阴道、肛交和可能的口交传播.
孕妇也可以将病毒传染给子宫内的胎儿. 寨卡病毒有可能通过输血传播, 但已经采取了预防措施,以确保血液供应的安全.
目前没有证据表明寨卡病毒是通过母乳传播的.
寨卡病毒有哪些症状?
大多数人(80%)没有寨卡病毒的任何症状. 这样做的人可能会经历以下一种或多种情况:
- 发热
- 皮疹
- 关节疼痛
- 眼睛发红或发炎
Symptoms usually begin about a week after exposure to the virus and last a few days to a week. 如果你或你的伴侣在去十大赌博平台排行榜后出现这些症状 寨卡病毒活跃传播地区,请立即联系您的医疗保健提供者.
寨卡病毒还会导致哪些问题?
如果胎儿感染寨卡病毒,可能会导致出生缺陷. 这种病毒可以阻止正常的大脑发育,并可能导致小头畸形, 哪个是不正常的小脑袋. Zika infection of a fetus may also lead to hearing, vision, cognitive and developmental disorders.
Scientists are still investigating the range of effects that Zika virus may have on a fetus.
Adults who become infected with Zika may develop a rare neurological complication called Guillain-Barré syndrome. This is a condition that can cause temporary paralysis and may be severe enough to require extended time in the hospital with breathing support. Most people recover, but it can take several months for muscle function to be restored.
我是否有感染寨卡病毒的风险?
You may be at risk for Zika if you travel to an area where there is local transmission of the virus. This means 蚊子es in the area may be carrying the Zika virus and are capable of passing it to people when they bite. There may also be a risk if you have unprotected sex with a partner who has traveled to a Zika area.
The list of regions where local transmission of Zika has been reported is being updated regularly. It is most common in Central and South America, the Caribbean and parts of Africa and Southeast Asia. 在美国, 此前在迈阿密和布朗斯维尔有当地传播的报道, 德州. 检查 疾病预防控制中心网站 浏览旅游建议的完整列表.
寨卡病毒会在旧金山湾区本地传播吗?
It is not known exactly if or when local transmission of Zika will occur in California. 旧金山湾区确实有这两种 伊蚊 可能携带寨卡病毒的蚊子, 但目前还没有当地蚊子感染的报告. While it is possible that there will be local transmission, a widespread outbreak is very unlikely.
如何预防寨卡病毒?
There currently is no vaccine to prevent Zika virus and there are no known treatments. 预防寨卡病毒的最好方法是避免蚊虫叮咬.
为防止性传播的可能性,应戒除性行为. Use latex condoms to reduce the risk of sexual transmission from a partner who may have been exposed to the virus.
如何预防蚊虫叮咬?
传播寨卡病毒的蚊子在白天和晚上都会叮咬. 旅行时或蚊虫季节:
- 穿长裤和长袖.
- 呆在有空调的地方或使用纱窗.
- 应用蚊子 由环境保护局监管的驱蚊剂 (EPA). EPA-regulated repellents are safe when used as directed and their effectiveness has been studied.
The active ingredients in most EPA-regulated repellents are: DEET; Picaridin; IR3535; or oil of lemon eucalyptus. The percentage of DEET determines how long the repellent lasts, not its effectiveness. 一定要按照包装上的说明重新涂抹驱蚊剂.
如果我去旅行,我应该去做寨卡病毒检测吗?
如果你去过有寨卡病毒风险的地区,你可以接受检测.
A test called an RT-PCR will check for the virus in your blood and urine if it has been two weeks or less since you may have been exposed to Zika. 如果可能的接触时间已经过去了2到12周, 我们可以做个测试看看你的身体是否产生了针对病毒的IgM抗体.
There are no tests currently available to determine if there was Zika exposure more than 12 weeks in the past, 或者一个人是否有豁免权.
如果我的伴侣去旅行呢?
合作伙伴 should consult their primary care providers to arrange testing if they experienced Zika symptoms. 合作伙伴 of pregnant patients or couples looking to get pregnant should contact the Zika Response Nurse Coordinator to discuss testing options.
我的伴侣旅行了,但没有出现症状. 我需要采取什么预防措施吗?
如果你的伴侣去过寨卡疫区,而你怀孕了, 建议你禁欲以避免性传播, or use latex condoms for the duration of the pregnancy to reduce the risk of sexual transmission.
我现在没有怀孕,但是我想怀孕. 我需要采取什么预防措施呢?
If you wish to become pregnant and have traveled to an 寨卡病毒活跃传播地区, 建议你等八周后再尝试怀孕, 不管你是否有寨卡症状. 如果你的伴侣去过寨卡疫区, 建议在尝试怀孕前等待六个月. 这是因为已知这种病毒在精液中存活的时间更长, and there is a risk that men who were exposed to Zika could sexually transmit the virus for a longer period of time.
How will my prenatal care be different if there is the possibility I was exposed to Zika virus?
评估你感染寨卡病毒的风险, you will be asked at every UCSF prenatal visit if you or your partner have traveled. 如果你有资格参加测试, we will schedule a telehealth (video) visit with a nurse practitioner specializing in Zika management to arrange testing and answer all of your questions. 抗体测试结果为阴性意味着你可以继续进行常规的产前护理, 也不需要进一步跟进寨卡病毒.
如果你可能接触过寨卡病毒, 但你或你的伴侣旅行回来已经超过12周了, we can conduct periodic ultrasounds after 20 weeks gestation to assess fetal growth. 如果你的寨卡病毒检测呈阳性, or your fetus shows signs of abnormalities that may be related to Zika-virus exposure, 高危人群之一, 母胎十大赌博平台排行榜会跟随你的护理.
If I test positive for Zika, what are the chances my fetus is infected and when will I know?
There is a lot we do not know about why some fetuses become infected with Zika virus and why others do not. The most recent research suggests that the rate of infection for a fetus may be between 1 and 13 percent if a pregnant woman is infected in the first trimester. Researchers currently believe it is less likely a fetus will become infected in the second and third trimesters, 但在确定这一点之前,还需要更多的研究.
There is no specific gestational age at which a fetus shows Zika-related abnormalities. Sometimes the signs of infection do not appear until late in the second or third trimester. Not all fetal abnormalities associated with Zika virus can be detected with an ultrasound examination.
如果我有更多的问题怎么办?
如果你是加州大学旧金山分校产科的病人, please call 415-353-2566 to arrange a telehealth visit with the Zika Response Nurse Coordinator. 你也可以参观 CDC母婴网站 打电话给, 聊天, text or email an expert for more information about Zika virus and mother-fetal transmission risks.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.