Sarcoma

Signs & symptoms

During early stages, patients with sarcoma usually don't notice any symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:

• A lump on the body that may or may not be painful
• Bone pain or a bone that breaks unexpectedly
• Abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Blood in the stool

Diagnosis

The first step is to see your doctor for a physical exam, which will explore the origin of symptoms, possible risk factors and family medical history. Next, your doctor may order a series of tests, including:

• Biopsy. If one of your symptoms is a lump under the skin, your doctor will likely perform a biopsy to collect a tissue sample, which can then be examined in the lab.
• X-ray. Useful for detecting bone sarcomas, X-rays use a small amount of radiation to visualize structures inside the body.
• Bone scan. To produce a bone scan, 一种可以被摄像机检测到的放射性示踪剂被注射到血液中. 这项研究可以收集更多关于骨骼疾病的详细信息，包括肉瘤.
• CT scan. To take images, a thin X-ray beam rotates around the chest area; then a computer program processes the data to construct a three-dimensional, cross-sectional image.
• PET scan. 这种高度敏感的技术使用放射性示踪剂来收集身体组织的图像.
• MRI scan. 一个与电脑相连的强力磁铁被用来绘制身体各个部位的详细图像.

Staging

如果诊断为肉瘤，你的十大赌博平台排行榜会想要确定疾病的阶段或范围. Staging is a careful process to learn whether the cancer has spread and, if so, to which parts of the body. Knowing the stage helps doctors plan treatments. Descriptions of the four stages of sarcoma are listed below:

• Stage I. 这种癌症是低度的(不被认为是侵袭性的)，并没有扩散到发现它的骨骼或组织外.
• Stage II. 癌症为中重度(比I期更具侵袭性)，尚未扩散到发现的骨骼或组织外.
• Stage III. 恶性肿瘤已经开始扩散到淋巴结或其他骨骼或原组织的部位.
• Stage IV. 癌症已经扩散到身体的其他部位，如肺或淋巴结. This may be low-, medium- or high-grade cancer.

Treatments

肉瘤的治疗取决于癌症的位置、类型、分期和其他因素. Typically, your doctor will recommend some combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

• Surgery. For soft tissue sarcomas, surgery is the most common treatment and may be all that's needed in early stages. For bone sarcomas, 手术通常包括切除肿瘤和周围健康组织的边缘, 然后使用假体或患者身体其他部位的骨头来重建该区域.
• Radiation therapy. 这种疗法也被称为放射治疗，它使用高能x射线杀死癌细胞. 放射治疗被限制在一个有限的区域，只影响该区域的癌细胞. 它可以在手术前用于缩小肿瘤或在手术后用于摧毁治疗区域内任何残留的癌细胞.
• Chemotherapy. This is the use of anticancer drugs to stop cancer growth, either by killing the cancer cells or preventing them from dividing. 这种方法通常用于已经扩散到起源骨或组织以外的肉瘤. 化疗药物可以口服(如药片)或直接进入循环(通过静脉注射或导管)。.
• Targeted therapy. 药物或其他物质被用来精确定位和攻击特定类型的癌细胞(例如, the therapy may block molecules that stimulate tumor growth). 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会通过测试来确定肿瘤的基因或分子组成——这些信息可以指导治疗的选择. 与化疗或放疗相比，靶向治疗对健康细胞的损害更小.
• Immunotherapy. This treatment leverages the patient's own immune system to treat sarcoma. 这些物质被用来调动身体的自然防御能力，杀死癌细胞或阻止它们扩散.