睾丸 癌症
Overview
及早发现, 睾丸癌是高度可治疗的，通常是可治愈的, which is why early diagnosis and treatment are so important for men of all ages. Adolescent boys and young men should be particularly aware of the signs and 症状 of the disease and perform regular testicular self-exams.
睾丸癌是一种细胞变成恶性的疾病, 意义癌变, 在一个或两个睾丸内. 睾丸 cancer can be broadly classified into two types: seminoma and nonseminoma. 精原细胞瘤约占所有睾丸癌的40%. 非精原细胞瘤是包括绒毛膜癌在内的一组癌症, 胚胎性癌, 畸胎瘤和卵黄囊瘤. 睾丸癌可能是两种类型的结合.
我们治疗睾丸癌的方法
UCSF's urologic oncologists are internationally recognized experts in the treatment of testicular cancer. 我们提供最新的诊断工具和治疗方法, 包括手术, 辐射, 化疗和自体骨髓移植, 我们在治疗后保留病人的骨髓用于移植.
Our patients have access to the latest experimental therapies under evaluation in clinical trials and to specialized care focused on protecting fertility. 此外，我们还提供患者教育和支持小组. Finally, our urologists are leaders in cancer risk assessment, genetic testing and prevention.
诊断
To help find the cause of 症状, the doctor will evaluate your general health. Your doctor will perform a physical exam and may order laboratory and diagnostic tests. 如果怀疑有肿瘤，十大赌博平台排行榜可能会建议你做超声波检查. 如果检测到肿瘤，就切除睾丸.
- 血液测试. 测量肿瘤标志物的水平. Tumor markers are substances often found in higher-than-normal amounts when cancer is present. Tumor markers for testicular cancer involve beta human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (B-hCG); alpha-fetoprotein, a blood protein that's present in adults with some forms of cancer; and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 一种因癌症而升高的蛋白质.
- 超声波. 一种诊断测试，其中 高频声波 是从组织和内脏反射回来的吗. 它们的回声产生一幅叫做声波图的图像. 超声波 of the scrotum can show the presence and size of a mass in the testicle. It is also helpful in ruling out other conditions, such as swelling due to infection.
- 活组织检查. 如果体格检查怀疑有睾丸肿瘤, 血液检查和超声波检查, 睾丸被切除. 在几乎所有疑似癌症的病例中, 通过腹股沟的切口切除整个受影响的睾丸. 这个手术叫做腹股沟睾丸切除术. In rare cases, for example, when a man has only one testicle, the surgeon performs an inguinal 活组织检查, removing a sample of tissue from the testicle through an incision in the groin and proceeding with orchiectomy only if the pathologist finds cancer cells. (外科十大赌博平台排行榜不会切开阴囊来切除组织, 因为如果问题是癌症, 这个过程可能会导致疾病扩散.)
治疗
睾丸癌常用的四种治疗方法是手术, 放射治疗, 化疗和骨髓移植.
手术
手术是大多数阶段睾丸癌的常见治疗方法. A doctor may take out the cancer by removing one or both testicles through an incision (cut) in the groin. 这叫做根治性腹股沟睾丸切除术. Some of the lymph nodes in the abdomen may also be removed in a procedure called a lymph node dissection.
放射治疗
放射治疗 uses X-rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation usually is emitted by a machine and is called external-beam 辐射, 而不是由病人摄入的物质发出的辐射.
化疗
化疗使用药物杀死癌细胞. 它可以通过药片服用，也可以通过静脉注射. 化疗 is called a systemic treatment because the drugs enter the bloodstream, 在体内流动，可以杀死睾丸外的癌细胞.
骨髓移植
骨髓移植 是一种新的治疗方法吗. 在一个 自体骨髓移植, bone marrow is taken from the patient and treated with drugs to kill cancer cells. 然后将骨髓冷冻. The patient is given high-dose chemotherapy — with or without 放射治疗 — to destroy the remaining marrow. The marrow removed from the patient is then thawed and returned to the patient by injection in a vein to replace the marrow that was destroyed.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
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支持服务
冥想 & 癌症患者的引导图像
Drop in for a free class designed to help you heal, relax and find balance during your treatment. 十大赌博靠谱网络平台加州大学旧金山分校和非加州大学旧金山分校的患者.
